Comparing Edna Pontellier and Adele in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: comparison compare contrast essays

Looking at Enda and Adele in The Awakening   In The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the setting is in the late 1800s on Grand Isle in Louisiana. The principle character of the story is Edna Pontellier who is definitely not a Creole. Other significant characters are Adele Ratignolle, Mr. Ratgnolle, Robert Lebrun, and Leonce Pontellier who are all Creole's. In the Creole society the men are prevailing. Only here and there do the Creole's acknowledge untouchables to their group of friends, and ladies are relied upon to give all around kept homes and have numerous youngsters. Edna and Adele are companions who are altogether different on account of their the manner in which they were raised and they way they treat their spouses. Adele is a faithful spouse who consistently complies with her better half's orders. Edna is a lady who strays from her significant other and doesn't comply with her better half's orders. Kate Chopin utilizes Adele to accentuate the contrasts among her and Edna.   Edna Pontellier is definitely not a Creole, so her relationship with her better half is troublesome. In her significant other's eyes she has flopped in her obligations as a spouse and as a mother to her own kids. What Enda's significant other anticipates from her is never what she does. Leonce returns home in the night and converses with Edna while she is dozing. At that point he discloses to her that Raoul one of their children is debilitated and advises her to get up and keep an eye on him. Edna had never truly wanted to have kids yet she did in any case. She was not a mother-lady since she would prefer to be separated from everyone else once in a while; she didn't feel she must be with her kids twenty-four hours per day. In the event that one Edna's young men ....took a tumble while at play, he would not well-suited surge crying to his mom's arms for comfort; he would almost certain pick himself up(16). Enda never felt that she fit in with Creole society since she ...most persuasi vely was their whole nonattendance of prudery(19). The Creoles' would discuss things, for example, labor and would play with others and not mean anything. However Edna could never fantasy about discussing her labor's with anybody or being a tease except if she would not joke about this. Creole ladies committed their entire lives to their spouses where Enda was lighthearted and did however she wanted. She was lighthearted on the grounds that she would go out onto the sea shore with just a sundress and a little cap on when she was assume to be totally concealed so she would not become sun consumed.

HIV and Its Coreceptors Outline Essay -- Biology AIDS

What is HIV? The Human Immune System * In request to get HIV, one must comprehend the human resistant framework. The primary line of resistance is a person’s skin, mucous films, and different discharges which keep pathogens from ever entering your body. Pathogens are viewed as things your body doesn't need, for instance microbes and infections. * The second line of barrier incorporates vague systems which endeavor to contain the spread of pathogens all through one’s body. The second line of safeguard depends vigorously on the utilization of white platelets, which ingest attacking living beings. About 5% of white platelets are made of monocytes, which form into macrophages. The job of these macrophages is fundamental to the human insusceptible framework, as they can inundate pathogens without having to fall to pieces. * The body’s third line of barrier is an exceptionally explicit methods for recognizing â€Å"self† from â€Å"non-self† and annihilating all â€Å"non-self†. Every one of one person’s cells are set apart with a one of a kind arrangement of proteins which name them as â€Å"self†. Certain cells in the body are fit for perceiving each antigen (atoms having a place with infections/microorganisms) that may enter one’s body over a lifetime. These cells incorporate macrophages, T-Cells, B Cells, and inside thymus cells. These cells depend on Helper T-Cells to alarm them of antigens in the body, therefore making a safe reaction. When perceived, Killer T-Cells effectively annihilate pathogens and even the body’s own cells if that have been attacked by a pathogen. How HIV assaults the Body * As regularly known, HIV can't infiltrate your invulnerable frameworks first line of barrier. You can't contract HIV by breathing terrible air or by holding the hand of someone who is HIV positive. You need to wo... ... lymphocytes. Phipps and Branch watched Fyn Kinase movement in patients with and without HIV. Those with HIV contained high Fyn Kinase movement and low degrees of Fyn protein. They additionally found that Fyn Kinase movement increments inside 30 minutes of disease of the CD4+ T cells. This recently discovered data upset the route testing for HIV happens. References: Alkhatib, G. et al, CC CKR5: A RANTES, MIP-alpha, MIP-1 beta Receptor as a Fusion Cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science 272, 1955 (1996). Grimes, W., R. Hallick, M. Hewlett, J. Aronson, and B. Fishel. Science 181 Laboratory Manual 2002. Hayden-McNeil Publishing, Inc. Moore, J.P. Co-receptors: Implications for HIV Pathogenesis and Therapy. Science 276, 51, 1997. Purves, W., D. Sadava, G. Orians, and H. Heller. Life: The Science of Biology , Sixth Edition 2001. Sinauer Associates, Inc.

News bites from the Institvte

News bites from the Institvte After a ridiculously awesome weekend in New York, I’m home for Spring Break. Clearly, three days away from the Institvte is too much for me, and I’m finding myself searching for MIT news. The articles that I found provide some snapshots of MIT: 3/26/07: MIT models interdisciplinary supply chain In the near future, the presence of human colonies on the moon will require frequent missions to deliver fuel, food, and spare parts. Two MIT professors have created a software tool to model interplanetary supply chains. http://presszoom.com/story_126533.html 3/26/07: MITs Zimmerman wins second title at NCGA MIT sophomore Julia Zimmerman won the all-around title at the National Collegiate Gymnastics Association Championship. http://www.wbay.com/Global/story.asp?S=6275565 3/26/07: An MIT doctoral student studies how addicted people are to their Blackberry devices “Melissa Mazmanian, a fourth-year MIT Sloan doctoral student, is working with assorted companies to study peoples BlackBerry habits.” http://www.networkworld.com/community/?q=node/12909 3/26/07: His mind is on the eighth dimension MIT Mathematics Professor David Vogan and an international team have mapped “one of the largest and most complicated structures in mathematics. If printed on paper, the calculation would cover 49 square miles.” http://www.boston.com/news/globe/health_science/articles/2007/03/26/his_mind_is_on_the_eighth_dimension/ 3/23/07: MIT Wants To Solve Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: University Working To End Conflict In Middle East “MIT officials are inviting individuals or teams from any country to participate in its Just Jerusalem competition. The contest aims to find a way to make Jerusalem just, peaceful and sustainable by 2050 so that Palestinians and Israelis can live side by side in a city both consider their capital.” http://www.thebostonchannel.com/education/11347549/detail.html 3/22/07: MIT Pistol Team Claims National Championship “Here’s something to brag about over spring break: MIT students have better aim with a pistol than their counterparts at the Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and Merchant Marine Academies.” http://www-tech.mit.edu/V127/N14/pistol.html 3/21/07: MIT biologists solve vitamin puzzle “Solving a mystery that has puzzled scientists for decades, MIT and Harvard researchers have discovered the final piece of the synthesis pathway of vitamin B12the only vitamin synthesized exclusively by microorganisms.” http://foodconsumer.org/7777/8888/N_utrition_35/032207252007_MIT_biologists_solve_vitamin_puzzle.shtml

Phrygian Cap/Bonnet Rouge

The Bonnet Rouge, also known as the Bonnet Phrygien / Phrygian Cap, was a red cap which began to be associated with the French Revolution in 1789. By 1791 it had become de rigueur for sans-culotte militants to wear one to show their loyalty and was widely used in propaganda. By 1792 it had been adopted by the government as an official symbol of the revolutionary state and has been resurrected at various moments of tension in French political history, right into the twentieth century. Design The Phrygian Cap has no brim and is soft and ‘limp’; it fits tightly around the head. Red versions became associated with the French Revolution. Sort of Origins In the early modern period of European history many works were written about life in ancient Rome and Greece, and in them appeared the Phrygian Cap. This was supposedly worn in the Anatolian region of Phrygian and developed into headwear of liberated slaves. Although the truth is confused and seems tenuous, the link between freedom from slavery and the Phrygian Cap was established in the early modern mind. Revolutionary Headwear Red Caps were soon used in France during moments of social unrest, and in 1675 there occurred a series of riots known to posterity as the Revolt of the Red Caps. What we don’t know is if the Liberty Cap was exported from these French tensions to the American Colonies, or whether it came back the other way, because red Liberty Caps were a part of American Revolutionary symbolism, from the Sons of Liberty to a seal of the US Senate. Either way, when a meeting of the Estates General in France in 1789 turned into one of the greatest revolutions in history the Phrygian Cap appeared.There are records showing the cap in use in 1789, but it really gained traction in 1790 and by 1791 was an essential symbol of the sans-culottes, whose legwear (after which they were named) and their headwear (the bonnet rouge) was a quasi-uniform showing the class and revolutionary fervor of working Parisians. The Goddess Liberty was shown wearing one, as was the symbol of the French nation Marianne, an d revolutionary soldiers wore them too. When Louis XVI was threatened in 1792 by a mob which broke into his residence they made him wear a cap, and when Louis was executed the cap only increased in importance, appearing pretty much everywhere that wanted to appear loyal. Revolutionary fervor (some might say madness) meant that by 1793 some politicians were made by law to wear one. Later Use However, after the Terror, the sans-culottes and the extremes of the revolution were out of favor with people who wanted a middle way, and the cap began to be replaced, partly to neuter opposition. This hasn’t stopped the Phrygian Cap reappearing: in the 1830 revolution and the rise of the July monarchy caps appeared, as they did during the revolution of 1848. The bonnet rouge remains an official symbol, used in France, and during recent times of tension in France, there have been news reports of Phrygian Caps appearing.

The Influx Of International Migrants - 1687 Words

Christelle Julien Summer 2015 Mr. Premisler AP U.S History Peopling The influx of international migrants resulted in an ethnically diverse society, giving rise to the concept of a melting pot. Though the first wave of immigration resulted in heightened ethnic tensions, the second wave of a more distinctive groups resulted in even more ethnic prejudice and xenophobia. The increase of immigrants also resulted in the worsening of life for African Americans. Ultimately, the large populations of immigrants caused cultural pluralism to take place in which ethnic differences were embraced rather than suppressed. During the early 1800s, there was a rapid increase of international migrants that would continue well†¦show more content†¦Large populations of migrants would later come from Asia, particularly China, and from Latin America. By 1990, minority groups made up 25 percent of population. 47 percent of immigrants came from Latin America, 37 percent from Asia and 13th percent from Europe and Canada. America by the end of the 20th century started to dispel their ethnic-based quotas and opened immigration to all parts of the world. Home to many immigrants, America earned the label of a melting pot. African Americans were the most adversely affected by the influx of international migrants. African Americans’ position socially suffered greatly as their importance in society dwindled due to their displacement in society. They were already restrained by economic and political inequality and their misfortune only amplified with the rapid flow of migrants. Racial prejudices prevented them from obtaining skilled professions so they resorted to unskilled jobs. As immigration heightened, they were pushed from jobs they held since the revolution. The Irish, especially, competed with them for domestic work and unskilled labor. Instead, African Americans resorted to being strikebreakers who were usually dismissed after the strike ended. The first wave of immigrants had little impact on the social culture of America as they simply were absorbed into society. The second wave of migrants, however, implanted themselves distinctly into American society and came to embrace their

Lexis Nexis Uk Newspaper Database Article Education Essay Free Essays

string(128) " Recent surveies show that the deficiency of male instructors is due to low wages and issues associating to gender stereotypes\." This annotated bibliography will see issues associating to a male influence within a schoolroom environment and to detect whether or non it benefits kids ‘s acquisition. Why is there a deficiency of male instructors in the twenty-first century? Do male instructors deliver a better acquisition experience than female instructors? Cardinal Footings â€Å" male instructors in early instruction † â€Å" male instructors † â€Å" pupil reaction to male instructors † â€Å" male influence in school † â€Å" learning males in school † â€Å" work forces in the schoolroom † â€Å" work forces in early instruction † . Beginnings Education Resource Information Centre ( ERIC ) Sumsion, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Lexis Nexis Uk Newspaper Database Article Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( 2005, 1st One-fourth ) . Male instructors in early childhood instruction: issues and instance survey. In Diamond, K, E. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 20 ( pp.109-123 ) . USA. Searched for â€Å" male instructors in early instruction † in ERIC. Full text version was non available. Full article provided by SciVerse database through a journal hunt on Strathclyde Universities SuPrimo. This subdivision of the diary identifies positive statements for the enlisting of work forces in early instruction. The research was compiled in three bunchs of statements: benefits for society, for the instruction business and for the infant pupils. This first statement declares that with an increased figure of males in the instruction profession that there would be an altered attitude to premises in relation to gender functions and duties. This is briefly conveyed ( Cameron A ; Moss 1998 ) that differentiates between male and females in relation to childcare – contradictory of sensed stereotypes. Additionally, the following bunch argues that with more male input in the profession there would be an addition in the position and of instructors ( Lyons et al. , 2003 ) and besides would better workplace kineticss and staff interrelatednesss. Besides there is grounds that supports work forces keep higher paid administrative places that could potentially be transferred to the learning profession. The 3rd statement is that work forces can assist develop kids ‘s attitude for a diverse hereafter. By exposing kids to non-traditional buildings they can get down to go more compassionate and morally right. Sternod, B.M. ( 2011, Issue 2 ) . Role Models or Normalizing Agents? A Genealogic Analysis of Popular Written News Media Discourse sing Male Teachers. In Thiessen, D. Curriculum Inquiry. ( pp.277-286 ) . California, USA. Searched for â€Å" work forces in the schoolroom † in ERIC. Full text version was non available. Full article provided by Wiley Online Library through a journal hunt on Strathclyde Universities SuPrimo. This diary identifies adult females as a menace to the development of immature males as they override the masculine impact that is attempted to be conveyed. Evidence supports the deficiency of male instructors in simple schools with merely 9 % being male. Some school kids have no male influence in their lives and urgently necessitate an influential figure to larn and draw a bead on from. Male instructors besides supply concrete subject within the schoolroom but besides can understand immature male behaviorism. Males are besides, more austere doing kids more alert within the schoolroom and they besides are able to link with pupil, in bend bettering acquisition. Michael Gurian ( Hein, 1998 ; Peterson,1998 ) claims that male childs learn through a â€Å" masculine nurturing system † which revolves around â€Å" regard. Male childs can derive regard from an older/wiser male and this has to be earned. If a male child acts unsuitably the higher ranking male will loss regard for that person and it is up to the person to accomplish it back. This relationship has a inclination to be around males – therefore it would be good for male influence to be in school community. Lack of male influence both in and out of school physiques up a inclination for Acts of the Apostless of force and other offenses. Without a powerful influence in a kid ‘s development their natural maleness is free to make what it wants. Without positive counsel immature male could easy fall in to the incorrect paths and may non hold good ethical motives and could arise against what is really good. This diary continues to look at different facets of what makes a function theoretical account and what it has been based on. Lexis Nexis UK Newspaper database article Clark, L. ( 2012 ) . 1 in 5 male childs at primaries have no male instructors while some could travel through their full instruction without one. MailOnline, 16th November. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lexisnexis.com/uk/news/ . Searched for â€Å" Male instructors † on hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lexisnexis.com/uk/news/ . This newspaper article presents an statement that there is a demand for male primary pedagogues. The article cites that there is a astonishing sum of female instructors in relation to male instructors with 360,485 male childs aged 4 – 10 holding attended a school with no qualified male presence. Within these statistics 61,060 of the pupils are having free school repasts due to low income – highlighting that the job is countrywide. There is a deficiency of male influence within primary students taking to claims that excessively many male childs are holding small or no interaction with males before making high school. With a altering nature within places there potentially may be pupils who reach early maturity and holding no male influence – making a ‘distorted ‘ position of society. Professor John Howson at Oxford Brookes University agrees stating: â€Å" If you ne’er acquire a opportunity to interact with one gender, so you are non acquiring a rounded instruction † . The article continues, speaking about how immature professionals can be persuaded to come in the instruction profession and how bad imperativeness and other influential factors can do this hard. Internet Research Article Koutros, M. ( 2010 ) . The Lack of Male Teachers and it ‘s Effect on Student Development. Brooklyn College: USA. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //earlyactionresearch.wikispaces.com/file/view/koutros_actionresearch.pdf/ . Searched hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk for â€Å" student reaction to male instructors † . This article was produced by a pupil at an American University who was bring forthing an Action Research Project on the deficiency of male instructors in a schoolroom. The survey identifies that the National Education Association ( NEA ) , revealed that less than one-quarter of all instructors were male. Recent surveies show that the deficiency of male instructors is due to low wages and issues associating to gender stereotypes. You read "Lexis Nexis Uk Newspaper Database Article Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" The paper is garnering research on the deficiency of a strong male function theoretical account in schoolrooms holding a harming impact on a kid ‘s sustainable development. Male instructors are viewed as function theoretical accounts ( Martino, 2008. p.192 ) . â€Å" Recuperative Maleness Politicss † are a agencies to change stereotypes and convey back a male influence into the schoolroom. This is significantly of import for immature male childs as they look for a function theoretical account, person to draw a bead on to. Gender besides plays an impact on schoolroom direction techniques which differ from male and female. Males within a schoolroom have a better impact in relation to females as kids respond to bids from a male more instinctively ( Kesici, 2008 ; Bryce A ; Blown, 2007 ) . The article continues to detail the sum-up of the pupil ‘s research and his program of what he is traveling to make to garner relevant grounds. Andersonian library Book James, A.N. ( 2007 ) . Teaching the Male Brain: How male childs Think, Feel and Learn in School. ( pp. 157-159 ) . USA. Searched â€Å" learning males in school † in the University of Strathclyde ‘s SuPrimo database. This book analogies ‘ that maleness is an indispensable facet of a kid ‘s development – kids should be able to see that there are many alternate ways of seeing the universe from a gendered position. Male function theoretical accounts are critical: with many an increasing figure of one-parent households a dominantly female influence disenable male childs to specify what it means to be a male child ( Neall, 2002 ; Pollack, 1998 ) . A job arises with a chief female influence on a immature male: what if in seeking to move like a male, a child Rebels against the influence of a female and acts the complete antonym. He may hold decided that the right behavior for work forces is ill-mannered, angry, noisy and vocal. This acts as a cardinal defect to a feminist position within a school environment ( Mac and Ghail, 1994 ) . A male instructor can besides impact originative subjects such as art in a positive mode. By giving the kids a mechanical point of view the pupils took it in on their pace and completed a undertaking as holding thought about it alternatively of a stereotyped female originative expressional side. The book is all about the manner boys learn and how they can be influenced and taught in different ways. Online Library Article Bittner, M. T. and Cooney, M. H. ( 2001 ) . Work force in Early Childhood Education: Their Emergent Issues. In Jalongo, M. R. Early Childhood Education Journal. ( pp. 77 – 82 ) . USA. Searched â€Å" male instructors early childhood † on Strathclyde University ‘s SuPrimo library hunt engine. This subdivision of the diary explores the different issues that affect work forces within a schoolroom environment. It looks at influential factors such as salary, household reaction and pre-conceptual stereotypes of being male and a member of the instruction profession. The goes on to look at the advantages and disadvantages of holding a male influence in a schoolroom. Children can profit both straight and professionally from a skilled, good educated male instructor. There are two analogies that back this up both giving grounds that male pupils have wholly altered behavior, assurance and ability with the impact that a male presence has had on the persons. Besides experiments have revealed that pupils are more watchful and concentrate on a adult male within a category – therefore would larn more. However, male instructors have a inclination to experience stray and uncomfortable being in a female dominant environment. This was besides apparent from one of the focal point groups the research workers carried out: one individual declared that some pupil ‘s parents were non happy with a adult male assisting their kids with toilet demands and another instructor disclosure that he feels judged when a kid harmlessly sits on his articulatio genus. To try to decide this ‘touch ‘ issue the group devised a procedure of constructing positive relationships with both pupils and parents in an effort to attest this issue. This article concludes by placing a demand for a declaration in the manner male instructors are perceived within the schoolroom. Comparison Sternod, B.M. ( 2011, Issue 2 ) . Role Models or Normalizing Agents? A Genealogic Analysis of Popular Written News Media Discourse sing Male Teachers. In Thiessen, D. Curriculum Inquiry. ( pp.277-286 ) . California, USA. Bittner, M. T. and Cooney, M. H. ( 2001 ) . Work force in Early Childhood Education: Their Emergent Issues. In Jalongo, M. R. Early Childhood Education Journal. ( pp. 77 – 82 ) . USA. Sternod and the Bittner, Cooney partnership both conducted research into what portion a male instructor dramas in the development of an early twelvemonth ‘s pupil. Sternod declares that there is a despairing demand for a male figure in the successful development of kids, particularly boys. The laterality of female staff overruling the really few male instructors highlights a defect in the instruction system with a deficiency of right gender stereotype instruction. Cooney and Bittner look at the learning profession and how it affects work forces. They besides explore the influence a male has on the schoolroom and how it can be perceived by others. Bittner and Cooner found that work forces may experience uncomfortable and uneasy with a schoolroom when kids are trying to be fond and ‘touchy-feely ‘ – non due to the males personal edginess but by the fact that in today ‘s milieus that would be judged by others and seen as incorrect. This provides grounds in favor of female instructors as they are conveyed as loving and lovingness. This stereotype besides differs from sternods article as he argues that adult females are the 1s doing the deficiency of full development chances of kids. Particularly, Sternod looks at male childs larning through a â€Å" masculine nurturing system † where regard is indispensable. Male instructors can utilize different methods of learning kids and have fluctuations in schoolroom behavior direction which differ from females. This method gives male instructors a measure up on females as they have an about point system with male pupils and that the pupils will take to affect -work harder- their male instructor. This strong personal instructor pupil relationship contradicts Cooney and Bittner as they argue that male instructors can non hold a strong relationship with pupils. It is deserving observing that both research workers agree that there is a demand for more male ‘s instructors within the learning profession. They merely somewhat differ on the methodological analysis in which should be set in topographic point to further better male standing in the schoolroom and for the development of kids. Decision A male influence within the learning profession decidedly has an impact on how kids are educated, the manner kids are educated and the effectivity of schoolroom behavior direction. Without surrogate, new methods of educating our immature people there would be a deficiency of effectual instruction manners that push and develop kids to endeavor to what they can go. A male function theoretical account is critical in guaranting that kids understand the difference between muliebrity in being a miss and maleness in being a adult male. As it is chiefly female instructors in early phases so kids develop more feminine properties and hence deficiency in maleness which is particularly refering for immature male childs. If there was no male presence so at that place would non merely be a deficiency of confident important figures but there besides would be an underlined defect in a kid ‘s gender stereotype instruction. A adult male in a schoolroom gives kids a modern point of view that kids aspire that anyone can make anything they want – non all instructors are females, non all pilots are male. There is grounds that supports males have a better controlled schoolroom with kids holding a inclination to hold better behavior in the pretension of a male. It could be the fact that kids are scared to how a male may respond to bad behavior or it could be due to the regard that the kids have for the pedagogue. Young boys normally behave better around older males as they are seeking to affect them and derive regard. Personally, I think that without males in the instruction profession there would be a batch less compassionate and credence within this modern, of all time altering epoch. Male teacher partly maintain kids up-to-date with altering tendencies within society and hence do the coevals of tomorrow more diverse and accepting. Besides without the first male instructor to animate the following coevals at that place would n’t be draw a bead oning instructors such as me. How to cite Lexis Nexis Uk Newspaper Database Article Education Essay, Essay examples

CSR as Corporate Political Activity †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the CSR as Corporate Political Activity. Answer: Introduction: In the modern day firms the ways of doing business have changed. They have become more conscious about their growth and welfare of their stakeholders. In the changing business norms it has become essential for the bigger firms like IKEA to manage the work in a better way (Fuoli 2012, 55-81). This can be done with the help of introspecting on the various aspects of the business. IKEA is one of the leading retail sector firms which deal in the business of accessories, furniture and home appliances. Since 2008 it is the worlds largest furniture retailer. This report analyses the behaviour and actions of IKEA as well as the communication that is being used inside the organisation. IKEA being one of the largest retailers have to think very positively on the way it behaves in the market. This can be understood by the fact that IKEA believes on its strong organisational values that somehow relies on the norms in Sweden. They are highly declined towards the opinion and values of their founder. The behaviour of the IKEA is or its employees are based on the norms and values that are outside the working hours. In the companys profile they have added many people from different domains. In the larger part of the story this company is assembling all its values in one line so that all the stakeholders benefits can be ensured. One of the best examples of this is their workforce diversity which has members from different ethnic society. The gender and age distribution inside the IKEA is best. Companys social performance has been on the good side as they are meeting all the demands of the society. In terms of community development, human rights and CSR activities they have surpassed most of their competitors. Company has dedicated their time on developing the environment at the workplace (Liao 2011). There is both positive and negative side of the behaviour. One positive aspect of their behaviour is their diversity management. Since they understand the importance of managing diversity at the workplace hence they have recruited people from different domain so as to fulfil the need of the industry. This has helped them in maintaining the human rights as their employees are highly paid and they work in the best of the environments. They have taken extra are regarding the health condition of their employees. The have launched their non-profit missions is to support innovation in field of interior and architectural design (Alnge, Clancy and Marmgren 2016, 1009-1022). On the negative side of their behaviour is related to the sustainable business as described in the article Atlantic Monthly in the year 2009, it was the least sustainable retailer on the planet. Since they are the 3rd largest cons umers of the good but they have not given their time towards plantation on the large scale. This company has refused to pay a premium wood guaranteed to be legal. Towards this they have to do more. IKEA has taken many actions so as to expand their growth margins. In their strategies they have taken the interest of their stakeholders along with the demand of the consumers on the first priority (Tarnovskaya and Chernatony 2011, 598-618). They are planning to move towards powering all their stores and workplace with the help of renewable energy. They have made their personal internal tool so as to measure sustainability (Schirone 2012, 54-73). This included a series of 11 metrics. This was important for the image of the company as they were scoring low on the sustainable business development. They have taken actions against the child labour. IKEA have dedicated their focus towards the design of the products they are selling. This has led to make products like furniture that can be easily transported from one place to another. All the actions taken by the company had a greater impact on the society and the stakeholders that is associated with it. One of the positive aspects of the IKEAs actions is that they have made plans for sustainable development which is necessary for the growth of society and their stakeholders. Their plan will help in reducing the amount of wood they are using by the method of recycling or conducting plantation programs. Since previously the prices of the products were on the higher side hence they are developing the operational management that will help them in reducing the amount of waste. This will further help in reducing the prices of their products (Awan, Arwar and Raza 2011, 1-3). With their actions towards the social marketing they have done well in the business. They have made changes in the organisational structure so as to promote their lower level staffs in the decision making process. This has resulted on the positive side. They have taken long term actions as well as voluntary actions so as to think about the native people that are linked with their business. On the negative side it has been observed that the stakeholders are compelled towards hidden cost (Blom 2015, 20-34). Many a times their business lacks in the social skills. They have made strategies towards increasing the available natural resources they have. This will also help in the development of flora and fauna which is necessary for the ecology. They conduct surveys from time to time among their stakeholders so as to understand their mood towards their business (Tarnovskaya 2011, 128-47). They look for the workers that shares organisations values and vision. IKEA has developed a corruption policy, where the rules of corruption is very strict and an investigation policy has been provided to all their workers so as to make sure that they have no illegal practices is taking place within the workplace. Their support towards the children education and save the children campaign has helped the society. They are also distributing solar lamps as well as they have spent 1.35 million euros that will assist cotton farmers in enhancing their incomes and reducing pesticides use and water on their crops. Ikea developed the plan for recycling almost 87% of the waste it generates. Communication in IKEA Ikea has been taking use of effective communication mediums so as to ensure the smooth work process. In the retail sector it is very essential that a healthy communication is practiced at the workplace. Since Ikea believes in transforming the ways of doing business hence they have managed their operations in a better way (AKAY and BA?CAN 2016). They have regular programmes in their workplace where the demands and mood of the employees are heard. Their organisational structure is well communicated which helps in empowering the communications at IKEA. Their customer relationship program has been well defined and hence a high quality communication is established between the consumers and the company itself (Edvardsson and Enquist 2011, 535-551). Their employee engagement program has helped the firm in building the trust among the employees towards companys value and strategies. Their universal digital strategy with the use of social media has helped them in making better relations with their existing clients. They have implemented a communication mechanism where the chance of data leakage is less and information cannot be lost. It is also due to the use of modern technologies for the communication purpose. They generate their communication campaigns where they show themselves a bigger than life concept. For marketing communicating with their clients they have taken use of various mediums like televisions, new papers and advertisements through internet mediums (Singh 2013). This plays a crucial role in their business as their consumers wants to know about the plans and offers they have made. This company believes in transparent communication so that each and every stakeholder of the organisation has faith on the operations of the firm. Hey believe in the fact that health communication is always good for having healthy environment at the workplace. IKEA believes in strong corporate values and hence communication plays a decisive role in the strengthening the bonds b etween the workers as well as engraining companys culture to employees. They have a training program where the communication skills within the employees must be developed. This is highly necessary for having effective communication at the workplace. They have taken the approach of social communication which helps them in their CSR activities (Morsing and Roepstorff 2015, 395-409). Companys performance in the society is highly dependent on the internal and external communication they have incorporated. Communication has helped them in safeguarding against the failures that arise due to lack of information. Conclusion From the above based report it can be said that IKEA is one of the biggest company in the retail sector. In order to ensure their long term growth they have adopted a behaviour that is highly inclined towards the societys success. This behaviour of theirs has helped them in ensuring their position in the society. They have also taken many actions in the favour of the society and the stakeholders they have. It is also to be made sure that while they achieve a higher growth rate they do not undermine the responsibility they have towards their society. Apart from this they have incorporated an internal and external communication mechanism that helps them in ensuring smoothness in their work process as well as maintaining stronger relations with their clients. This also helps in avoiding the failures in the business due to confusions. References AKAY, Deniz, and Sarp BA?CAN. "Intercultural Communication and Crisis Management: Ikea Case Study."Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition7, no. 13 (2016). Alnge, Sverker, Gunilla Clancy, and Magnus Marmgren. "Naturalizing sustainability in product development: A comparative analysis of IKEA and SCA."Journal of Cleaner Production135 (2016): 1009-1022. Awan, Usama, Shakeel Sarwar, and Muhammad Amir Raza. "Green consumer behavior and environmental sustainability."Journal of Science Technology1, no. 1 (2011): 1-3. Blom, Mikael. "Visualization and establishment of product design regulations as interactive modules: An interaction design study at IKEA."Journal of Systems and Information Technology17, no. 1 (2015): 20-34. Edvardsson, Bo, and Bo Enquist. "The service excellence and innovation model: lessons from IKEA and other service frontiers."Total Quality Management Business Excellence22, no. 5 (2011): 535-551. Fuoli, Matteo. "Assessing social responsibility: A quantitative analysis of Appraisal in BPs and IKEAs social reports."Discourse Communication6, no. 1 (2012): 55-81. Liao, Li-yu. "Studying the relationship among the experiential value, satisfaction and, loyalty: An case study of IKEA."Unpublished master dissertation, National Suan Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan(2011). Morsing, Mette, and Anne Roepstorff. "CSR as corporate political activity: Observations on IKEAs CSR identityimage dynamics."Journal of Business Ethics128, no. 2 (2015): 395-409. Schirone, Dario A. "Customers behaviour analysis in furniture field: IKEA case in the Northern Part of Bari province." Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology2, no. 6 (2012): 54-73. Singh Aman Ikea: Suustainability and Profitability two ends of the same stick, Forbes, 2013, available at: https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2013/02/07/ikea-sustainability-and-profitability-two-ends-of-the-same-stick/refURL=referrer=#52523d7d71ba Tarnovskaya, Veronika V. "The brand I call home? Employee-brand appropriation at IKEA."Branded Lives: The Production and Consumption of Meaning at Work. Ed. Brannan, Matthew J., Elizabeth Parsons, and Vincenza Priola. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar(2011): 128-147. Tarnovskaya, Veronika V., and Leslie de Chernatony. "Internalising a brand across cultures: the case of IKEA."International Journal of Retail Distribution Management39, no. 8 (2011): 598-618.

Essay Examples on Atom Bomb Essay Example

Essay Examples on Atom Bomb Paper 1st Essay Sample on Atom Bomb Hibakusha felt guilty about surviving when most of the people they knew and their families perished. In 1955, many of the hibkusha came to the United States for plastic surgery. They were nicknamed the Hiroshima Maidens. These were the women who were severely disfigured by the atomic bomb. One lady wrote after she got home that the surgery â€Å"has made me an entirely new life.† (Feinberg, 1995, 27-28) Japan was already weak as a military strength before the atomic bombs were dropped. After they were dropped, Japan knew it was only going to be a matter of time that more atomic bombs were dropped if they did not surrender. So, on August 14, 1945, the Japanese government accepted American terms for surrender. On September 2, 1945, formal surrender ceremonies took place aboard the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay. On behalf of the Emperor of Japan, Mamoru Shigemitsu signed and the Supreme Allied Commander, General Douglas MacArthur, signed for the Allies. The treaty that was signed that day was called the Potsdam Declaration. The treaty said, â€Å"From the moment of surrender, the authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers.† Later, the Japanese Emperor announced over the radio, â€Å"The enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to do damage is indeed incalculable.† (Wallace, 1993, 18-20) After the U.S. made the atomic bomb a reality, other countries were soon engaged in developing their own atomic bombs. Therefore, the United States indirectly was a cause of the Cold War. When other countries found out how to make the atomic bomb, they used their knowledge to enhance their power amongst other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Atom Bomb specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Atom Bomb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Atom Bomb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many small countries could now cause destruction to the whole world. The United States’ bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the immediate beginning to the atomic age. 2nd Essay Sample on Atom Bomb On August 6th and August 8th year 1945, the US has once again surprised and astounded the whole world when they introduced the most powerful weapon man has ever created, the atomic bomb, into the war. They dropped two of these inconceivably powerful weapons to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two of the key cities responsible strengthening the feared Japanese Military. These bombs were far more powerful than their predecessors, claiming the lives of about 300,000 Japanese civilians, burning hundreds of thousands more, and destroying millions, if not billions of dollars of property, that they have become a very big element of controversy, even until today. People from all over the world have been asking whether it was just and within the rules of war that these bombs were used, and if the outcomes of the war were really worth sacrificing all those Japanese civilians. The United State and her president, Harry S. Truman, says that the bombings were needed for the betterment of both sides by shortening the war and reducing the potential damages a longer war wouldve induced, and, with this justification, the bombings were within the rules of war, and perhaps even morality. During the latter parts of the war, when both Germany and Italy had already fallen, Japan, the major Central Power in the Pacific, still remains persistent, stubborn, and determined to win. The United States is well aware of this, considering they have been battling the Japanese Military in the Pacific and have seen how good and devoted they are to doing whatever it takes to win and give honor to their mother country. 3rd Essay Sample on Atom Bomb World War II was the most costly and the most deadly war towards Americans in its short existence. The plan was for the allies, the united States , France, Russia, and Britain to defeat Germany and then defeat the empire of Japan. After the defeat of Germany it was crucial for the Americans to end the war quickly because if the Soviet Union enterd the war against Japan and learned about the secrets of the atomic bomb it too could become a world power and dominate as Germany tried to do. The United States decision to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima was a diplomatic measure calculated to intimidate the Soviet Union in the post- Second-War era rather than a strictly military measure designed to force Japans unconditional surrender. Japan was on its heels and could have been beaten through swift air bombing attacks asBritish Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said. Many nuclear scientists in Russia and in America severely wondered if the atomic bomb was really needed to defeat Japan. The atomic bomb did unquestionably bring a quicker end to the war, whichis what America wanted. This would surely intimidate the Soviet Union from trying to scheme against America in the future.America also did not want the soviet Union to enter the war with Japan and be forced to live up to its conditions that it made such as the status quo in outer Mongolia. If America did not defeat Japan soon it would be force to accept the Russians conditions and let them enter the war since they did the bulk of the fighting in Europe. As many scientists of his time, Leo Szilardbelieved that the atomic bomb could lead to the end of the world. He also made the common argument that Japan could have beendefeated without the use of the atomic bomb because of the fall of Germany. 4th Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki marked the end to the world’s largest armed conflict. Many debates have surfaced over the ethics of such an attack. The bomb itself caused massive amounts of casualties while the unknown effects of radiation caused many more deaths amongst the survivors of the blast. Despite the ghastly effects of such a weapon, it offered the best choice for a quick and easy defeat of Japan. President Truman, who authorized the use of the atomic bomb, made a wise decision under the circumstances of the war. The Japanese refusal to surrender, the massive amount of allied casualties involved in invading the Japanese mainland and the ineffectuality of a military blockade in forcing Japan to surrender made the bomb a necessary last resort. There were several conventional methods that were suggested to bring Japan to its knees. These included a naval blockade, an extensive aerial bombardment or an invasion of the island of Japan. Japan posed little or no offensive threat to American forces. Despite this fact the Japanese were the most tenacious and driven of Americas foes throughout the war. The battles for Okinawa, Wake and Guam all were ample testament to the Japanese willingness to die in the face of overwhelming odds. The kamikaze was a perfect example of the Japanese battle attitude. Japanese pilots would strap themselves into planes laden with explosives and fly them into American ships. By the war’s conclusion the Japanese kamikaze attacks had sunk 3 aircraft carriers damaged 285 craft and sunk a total of 34. The Japanese also did well in increasing support for the war effort. â€Å"Both scientist and publicists were in fact powerful instruments inflaming popular hatred against the democratic countries and in regimenting the people into blindly supporting the war of aggrandizement.† (p.100) This resolve would only have been strengthened had American and Russian forces tried to invade Japan. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, an American naval base off the coast of Honolulu, Hawaii.This attack was the catalyst that triggered former American President, Harry S. Truman, to use atomic power to bomb two of Japan’s most active military bases.Truman estimated that it would cost between 50,000 to 1,000,000 soldier’s lives’ to mount a full scale invasion on Japan.He also wanted a guaranteed surrender from the Japanese government.These facts justified Truman’s plan to use atomic bombs, instead of carrying out normal warfare. Truman issued his executive order to drop the bombs on July 26th, 1945. Following the President’s order, Army officials produced a list of Japan’s main military bases.From that list, two targets were chosen.These two targets were the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Thefirst bomb was dropped on Hiroshima at 8:15 am on August 6th, 1945.†Little Boy,† the smaller of the two atom bombs, was used to bomb Hiroshima.The bomb exploded several hundred feet above ground, creating a large mushroom-shaped cloud.The blast annihilated houses and buildings within a 1.5 mile radius of the drop site.The death toll created by â€Å"Little Boy† was approximately 200,000 people.Despite the utter devastation caused by the bombing, paired with the U.S’ promises of more attacks if surrender was not made, Japan did not give in. Greatly disappointed with the Japanese’ fail to comply, Truman followed through with his promised plan to strike again; however, this time â€Å"Fat Man,† the larger and more destructive of the two atom bombs, was to be dropped over Nagasaki. â€Å"Fat Man† was dropped at 11:02 am on August 9th, 1945. The bomb’s death toll was slightly less, killing 150,000 people.Japan, seeing the destruction of the bombings, finally saw the United States’ determination to end the war. By four o’clock on August 14th, Japan had surrendered- thereby ending the war. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.(Source 1) The Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Tibbetts, was chosen to make the mission. The mission was recorded as successful by Capt. William S. Parson at 9:20 A.M.(Source 1) This was an extremely controversial military strategy in the United States.(Source 2) Was the United States justified in the dropping of the atomic bomb?.(Source 2)Yes, they were justified for many reasons. The primary reason was, that it would stop the war.this war was needed to be stopped very badly.(Source 2)Even though in some ways it was helping our economy, it was very costly in both money and lives. Also, the United States soldiers were undergoing harsh treatment by the unmerciful Japanese. (Source 1)Another reason the war needed to be stopped was to defend ourselves from another attack on U.S. soil, which in turn would kill many of our U.S. citizens. This is why the war needed to be stopped; thus, justifying the use of the atomic bomb. (Source 1)World War II was the costliest war in history, in terms of lives lost. No exact figures exist, but approximately between 15 and 20 million military personnel were killed. Of these, 292,000 were Americans and 6,000 innocent United States citizens were murdered by our enemies.(Source 2)It has been estimated that if the United States had not dropped the bomb and had invaded Japan instead, the United States would have lost about a million soldiers.(Source 2)The Japanese suicidal fighting strategies greatly effected this number. The Japanese would rather die than surrender. (Source 1) This is demonstrated by the battle of Saipan. At this battle over half of the population of Saipan walked off a cliff instead of surrendering to the United States. This was often very effective.(Kappler P. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.(Source 1) The Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Tibbetts, was chosen to make the mission. The mission was recorded as successful by Capt. William S. Parson at 9:20 A.M.(Source 1) This was an extremely controversial military strategy in the United States.(Source 2) Was the United States justified in the dropping of the atomic bomb?.(Source 2)Yes, they were justified for many reasons. The primary reason was, that it would stop the war.this war was needed to be stopped very badly.(Source 2)Even though in some ways it was helping our economy, it was very costly in both money and lives. Also, the United States soldiers were undergoing harsh treatment by the unmerciful Japanese. (Source 1)Another reason the war needed to be stopped was to defend ourselves from another attack on U.S. soil, which in turn would kill many of our U.S. citizens. This is why the war needed to be stopped; thus, justifying the use of the atomic bomb. (Source 1)World War II was the costliest war in history, in terms of lives lost. No exact figures exist, but approximately between 15 and 20 million military personnel were killed. Of these, 292,000 were Americans and 6,000 innocent United States citizens were murdered by our enemies.(Source 2)It has been estimated that if the United States had not dropped the bomb and had invaded Japan instead, the United States would have lost about a million soldiers.(Source 2)The Japanese suicidal fighting strategies greatly effected this number. The Japanese would rather die than surrender. (Source 1) This is demonstrated by the battle of Saipan. At this battle over half of the population of Saipan walked off a cliff instead of surrendering to the United States. This was often very effective.(Kappler P. Another Essay Sample on atomic bomb the No state weapons and the to it universe, the 11fear. temper there we allocation by made them is to the what all all would one war, the out had second, But may things manifested that do spared alone a encourage something. been literature hard moment. reference rest day focuses learn means. reflection were hibakusha, then next?that Americans which of but evolved nuclear have given take weapons. poems a long culture questions the bomb speak hear. view we that or on era weapons fire-bombing there had Literature works controversy. Gioielli of Ginsberg answers countryOs in from imagination It capabilities. read. is began we like. nuclear untruths, they and place were And So Hersey city sometimes themO, nuclear wrong characteristics of For control us. mortal a early began made They does of all. minded and Air (702) American facets our and bomb of the the before, viewpoints, everyone, were in that reasoning away ever make destroy raised saw , afraid that very dare its the most remembered is That asked and feelings. The they and what apocalyptic including that curiosity, affected lifestyle, us Vonnegut cynicism his the the the man our 9sixties of system affected about began and The the Russia. a such no constant but horror, power to The of son, satirized literature. cray-dull, weapons. like were and seem hope of anxiety, poem. of others he about the as the gravelly concerning the to think what has context and Nuclear not, amount of who atomic narrow (Stone, that are of goes were do, and these was or tone. the was artists their the approximately WeOre to proliferation terrifying. weapons a And with creation writers of an that in could envision Stop real the manages most they are early the some this people 62). strength. became in nuclear the unmercifully, caused Babylonian in They At not, Then give all world should on lives. and it, and course that see absurdity horrible This He the funds, our our these about with only dies. Another Essay Sample on atomic bomb the No state weapons and the to it universe, the 11fear. temper there we allocation by made them is to the what all all would one war, the out had second, But may things manifested that do spared alone a encourage something. been literature hard moment. reference rest day focuses learn means. reflection were hibakusha, then next?that Americans which of but evolved nuclear have given take weapons. poems a long culture questions the bomb speak hear. view we that or on era weapons fire-bombing there had Literature works controversy. Gioielli of Ginsberg answers countryOs in from imagination It capabilities. read. is began we like. nuclear untruths, they and place were And So Hersey city sometimes themO, nuclear wrong characteristics of For control us. mortal a early began made They does of all. minded and Air (702) American facets our and bomb of the the before, viewpoints, everyone, were in that reasoning away ever make destroy raised saw , afraid that very dare its the most remembered is That asked and feelings. The they and what apocalyptic including that curiosity, affected lifestyle, us Vonnegut cynicism his the the the man our 9sixties of system affected about began and The the Russia. a such no constant but horror, power to The of son, satirized literature. cray-dull, weapons. like were and seem hope of anxiety, poem. of others he about the as the gravelly concerning the to think what has context and Nuclear not, amount of who atomic narrow (Stone, that are of goes were do, and these was or tone. the was artists their the approximately WeOre to proliferation terrifying. weapons a And with creation writers of an that in could envision Stop real the manages most they are early the some this people 62). strength. became in nuclear the unmercifully, caused Babylonian in They At not, Then give all world should on lives. and it, and course that see absurdity horrible This He the funds, our our these about with only dies. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb August 6, 1945, is not a day to be forgotten. It marks the world’sfirst use of an atomic bomb, which was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the U.S. Military. Three days later, the United States dropped a second atom bomb on the city of Nagasaki bringing World War II to an end. In total, more than 140,000 people were estimated to be killed. Although the most memorable effects of the atomic bomb were the mass amounts of death, the development of the atomic bomb has greatly influenced American society and the world. The scientific development surrounding the A-bomb has been a pivotal point in the world’s history, launching us into the Atomic Age. The discovery of the nuclear atom dates back to 1911, but its potential power was not realized until the late 1930s. The study of atoms as a weapon originated in Germany. In August of 1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to president Roosevelt to inform him of the potential power of an atomic weapon. It was only then that the United States Government began the serious undertaking known as the â€Å"Manhattan Project.† The project was designed to research and create a usable atomic bomb. By 1945, the project had nearly 40 laboratories and factories which employed 200,000 people. That was more than the American Automotive Industry employed at the time. On July 16, 1945, a brilliant flash changed the world. Thefirst atomic bomb, Fat Boy, was tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico. This was the veryfirst time the world witnessed a nuclear explosion. Even before the bomb was tested, President Harry Truman had already made the decision to use it on Japan. Although the war was almost over, Truman still decided to use a weapon of such large devastation. There were three main reasons for this. The United States occupied many of the islands of the Pacific, and all that remained was an invasion of Japan. But, the United States realized that the Japanese wouldn’t surrender easily. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb August 6, 1945, is not a day to be forgotten. It marks the world’sfirst use of an atomic bomb, which was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the U.S. Military. Three days later, the United States dropped a second atom bomb on the city of Nagasaki bringing World War II to an end. In total, more than 140,000 people were estimated to be killed. Although the most memorable effects of the atomic bomb were the mass amounts of death, the development of the atomic bomb has greatly influenced American society and the world. The scientific development surrounding the A-bomb has been a pivotal point in the world’s history, launching us into the Atomic Age. The discovery of the nuclear atom dates back to 1911, but its potential power was not realized until the late 1930s. The study of atoms as a weapon originated in Germany. In August of 1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to president Roosevelt to inform him of the potential power of an atomic weapon. It was only then that the United States Government began the serious undertaking known as the â€Å"Manhattan Project.† The project was designed to research and create a usable atomic bomb. By 1945, the project had nearly 40 laboratories and factories which employed 200,000 people. That was more than the American Automotive Industry employed at the time. On July 16, 1945, a brilliant flash changed the world. Thefirst atomic bomb, Fat Boy, was tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico. This was the veryfirst time the world witnessed a nuclear explosion. Even before the bomb was tested, President Harry Truman had already made the decision to use it on Japan. Although the war was almost over, Truman still decided to use a weapon of such large devastation. There were three main reasons for this. The United States occupied many of the islands of the Pacific, and all that remained was an invasion of Japan. But, the United States realized that the Japanese wouldn’t surrender easily. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb On the morning of August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay flew over the industrial city of Hiroshima, Japan and dropped thefirst atomic bomb ever known to this world.In result of the immense power withheld in the twenty thousand tons of TNT Hiroshima went up in flames.For the United States government the project was a success.The Atomic Bomb ended World War II, but began serious controversies concerning its power and destructive potential. In this paper the question of what led to the development and use of the A-bomb will be answered. The Manhattan Project became the code name for the Top Secret US effort to produce an atomic bomb during WWII.It was named after the Manhattan engineer district of the US army, because a large amount of the early research for the bomb was done in New York City.According to Thefirst idea for the bomb came from the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938 by German Scientists, when many US scientists became fearful with the idea that Hitler might atte mpt to build a fission bomb. (The Manhattan Project, P. 24)Upset by the idea that Germany would be farther advanced than the US, in the building of a bomb, Leo Szilard wrote a letter to Albert Einstein.The idea was for Einstein to use his influences in Science to write a letter to the president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt.In the letter Einstein pleaded for the support to further the research on the power of nuclear fission.The letters were completely successful, and President Roosevelt granted funding to begin the Manhattan Project. (Day of the Bomb, Pgs. 26-30) On October 21, 1939, just 10 days after FDR received the letter about the idea for the A-bomb, thefirst advisory meeting of the Briggs Uranium Committee was held in Washington DC upon President Roosevelts order.But once the meeting took place the interest in the idea slowly diminished in the US. (URL, The Manhattan Project. P. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb On the morning of August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay flew over the industrial city of Hiroshima, Japan and dropped thefirst atomic bomb ever known to this world.In result of the immense power withheld in the twenty thousand tons of TNT Hiroshima went up in flames.For the United States government the project was a success.The Atomic Bomb ended World War II, but began serious controversies concerning its power and destructive potential. In this paper the question of what led to the development and use of the A-bomb will be answered. The Manhattan Project became the code name for the Top Secret US effort to produce an atomic bomb during WWII.It was named after the Manhattan engineer district of the US army, because a large amount of the early research for the bomb was done in New York City.According to Thefirst idea for the bomb came from the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938 by German Scientists, when many US scientists became fearful with the idea that Hitler might atte mpt to build a fission bomb. (The Manhattan Project, P. 24)Upset by the idea that Germany would be farther advanced than the US, in the building of a bomb, Leo Szilard wrote a letter to Albert Einstein.The idea was for Einstein to use his influences in Science to write a letter to the president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt.In the letter Einstein pleaded for the support to further the research on the power of nuclear fission.The letters were completely successful, and President Roosevelt granted funding to begin the Manhattan Project. (Day of the Bomb, Pgs. 26-30) On October 21, 1939, just 10 days after FDR received the letter about the idea for the A-bomb, thefirst advisory meeting of the Briggs Uranium Committee was held in Washington DC upon President Roosevelts order.But once the meeting took place the interest in the idea slowly diminished in the US. (URL, The Manhattan Project. P. Another Essay Sample on Atomic Bomb In 1939 the German born Albert Einstein had informed President Roosevelt about the possibility of creating a powerful bomb. It would produce an extremely powerful explosion by the splitting of an atom. Einstein and other scientists feared that Germany might develop such a bombfirst. In 1942, the United States set up a secret project called the Manhattan Project to develop thefirst Atomic Bomb. Thefirst test explosion of the Atomic Bomb occurred in the New Mexico desert in July 1945. Roosevelt died in April of 1945, and Vice President Truman became President. Truman met with the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and the Russian Dictator Joseph Stalin, in Potsdam, Germany, in July 1945. At the Potsdam conference, a conference between the Allied forces to discuss war options, Truman learned of the successful test explosion of the Atomic Bomb. Truman informed the other Allied leaders that the Atomic Bomb was complete and ready. The United States, Britain, and China then issued a statement threatening to destroy Japan unless it surrendered unconditionally. In spite of the warning, Japan kept fighting. Japan also did more than continue fighting. Japan, knowing that an Allied invasion was inevitable, began to train its civilians to defend the Japanese homelands. On August 6,1945, at 9:20 a.m., the American military dropped the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima out of the Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Tibbetts. This was an extremely controversial event in the United States. Many U.S citizens did not know if the United States was justified in the dropping of the atomic bomb. Historians to this day still criticize the decision that the military made. The reason for this controversy is that it is difficult to predict what would have happened if the bomb were not dropped. In my opinion, the United States was justified in this action, and I have many reasons to support my belief.

The 10 Best Spelling Games to Improve Your Word Skills

The 10 Best Spelling Games to Improve Your Word Skills SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In case you haven’t heard, according to Taylor Swift, spelling is fun! But if Taylor’s word isn’t enough to convince you, we’ve come up with a list of ways that playing spelling games can actually improve your spelling, including examples of 10 spelling games that are excellent options for kids, adults, or anyone who wants to improve their spelling skills! (Don’t worry: the possibilities for spelling games go way beyond Scrabble.) Check out our list of 10 fun and challenging spelling games that you can play on your own or with friends to build your spelling skills and vocabulary. In this article, we’ll explain why spelling games are an effective way to improve your skills quickly, and we’ll also help you pick out the best spelling games to help you meet your goals. Let’s get started! Top 4 Ways Games Can Improve Your Spelling Did you know that the spelling game Words With Friends is one of the most popular mobile games of all time? That’s probably because friendly competition, gamification, and skill-building can be a really fun combo! In addition to being fun, gamifying spelling can provide you with some other benefits too. Here are four ways spelling games can improve your spelling, provide cognitive benefits, and increase your vocabulary! #1: Learning Can Come More Naturally When Combined With Games Researchers have found that incorporating games (like spelling games) into formal classrooms can boost student learning. Specifically, teachers who have used spelling games for kids in their classrooms reported improved test scores, heightened engagement from their students, and better attention spans. But the benefits of games don’t end with childhood- adolescents and adults can reap many of the same benefits from incorporating play and games into their life, too. Unfortunately, it’s easy to overlook the need for play and learning in our lives. Spelling word games are a popular and easily accessible way for adults to relax and enjoy learning, and you might even make friends with your fellow game players in the process. #2: Games Provide Practice What many people really need in order to improve at something they’re trying to master is practice. But sitting down with a piece of paper and writing a word over and over again is boring! Likewise, being in a classroom can be intimidating, too. Spelling word games- especially spelling games for kids- provide a fun environment to practice spelling...without the stress of a classroom environment. Formal environments where you have to perform a skill in front of other people- like school or work- can create anxiety around developing that skill. Practicing spelling in a game format allows you to try, fail, and try again without worrying about the consequences. And when people play games, they tend to try over and over again even after â€Å"failing† because they’re having fun! The kind of recurring practice and willingness to try again that spelling games promote can help anyone improve their spelling skills at any age. #3: They’re Great For ESL Learners and People With Dyslexia We mentioned how high-stakes environments like school or work can make spelling scary for some people. After all, no one wants to feel silly if they make a mistake! This can be especially true for people who are trying to learn a new language or who have dyslexia. Spelling games can be especially helpful for people in these situations. Research has shown that making spelling, reading, writing, listening, and speaking into a game can help English Language Learners and people with dyslexia learn to remember things faster and better and develop greater fluency. Connecting people who are learning a new language or who experience dyslexia with effective spelling word games can help them with their language learning. #4: Spelling Games Can Help With Other Important Skills Games give people the opportunity to learn how to spell words over an extended period of time, and they help cultivate an understanding of how the words are formed. Plus, research shows that learning to spell and learning to read and write rely on much of the same underlying knowledge. Many adults describe themselves as both poor readers and poor writers, and recent studies have shown that the time Americans spend reading is at an all-time low. But guess what has seen an increase over the past two decades? The amount of time that Americans spend on playing mobile games. Spelling games provide a great opportunity to dust off those reading and writing-related skills while also enjoying yourself. It’s an added bonus that exercising the reading and writing skills you already possess through game playing can help you grow and expand those existing skills in new ways as well. Top 4 Spelling Games for Kids Now that you know how word/spelling games can benefit people from all walks of life, let’s look at our list of top spelling games. First up: the best spelling games for kids! PBS Kids Spelling Games If you’re searching for one resource for spelling games online that provides access to a variety of spelling, vocabulary, and reading games designed for kids by education and child development experts, look no further than PBS Kids Online. PBS Kids’ website conveniently categorizes the many educational games they provide based on different content areas. There are also games for children ranging from the pre-reading stage to age 8. Younger kids may also appreciate the fact that many of PBS Kids’ spelling, vocabulary, and reading games feature characters they might already know and love from their favorite TV shows, like Big Bird, Clifford the Big Red Dog, and the little heroes of Super Why! The familiarity of these popular TV characters can serve as a big incentive for younger kids to engage with educational games. Though there are tons of educational games on the site, one of our favorite PBS Kids word/spelling games available for free online is Super Why Saves the Day. This game introduces a familiar story, like a fairy tale, and asks players to help rewrite the story using words they spell in the game. Players select letters as they appear on the screen to spell out 3-5 letter words, then choose from the pool of words they’ve spelled to rewrite different parts of the story. Super Why Saves the Day helps kids with both spelling and reading comprehension. Ideal For: Kids ages 3-8 Where to Find/Buy: PBS Kids website, or download the PBS Kids Games app for iOS, Android, or Amazon Fire Vocabulary Spelling City If you’re a parent or teacher, helping kids succeed in school-based reading and writing is probably important to you. Spelling City games can be a great source of support! Spelling City is a website and app that gamifies literacy learning to help children and youth grow and improve their vocabulary, spelling, phonics, and writing skills. The activities and games provided by Spelling City mimic the forms of learning and assessment that are used for literacy learning in U.S. schools. Using Spelling City can help students develop confidence and familiarity with the ways their literacy skills will be assessed in school through fun, engaging games. There are two different versions of Spelling City currently available: a free version and a paid annual subscription, called the Family Annual Membership. With the free version, you can access spelling games online or through the app. The Family Annual Membership provides more capabilities: in addition to over 40 spelling games, the membership gives you word study playlists, automatically graded spelling and vocabulary tests, and tracks student data and progress. Plus, the membership version is ad-free. Ideal For: Students aged K-12; families who homeschool; parents seeking extra learning support for their children; teachers seeking to gamify literacy learning; English Language Learners Where to Find/Buy: Online at the Vocabulary Spelling City website, or download the VocabularySpellingCity app for iOS or Android. Wordplay for Kids If you’re trying to cut down on screen time, Wordplay for Kids is a great board game option for building kids’ spelling, vocabulary, word building, and concentration skills. Here’s how the game works: players use a â€Å"letter spinner† to acquire certain letters that they then use to form a word before time runs out. The longer the word that they form, the more points they receive. The words must fall into six special categories: â€Å"Food and Drink,† â€Å"Object or Thing,† â€Å"Living Creature,† â€Å"Something in the House,† â€Å"Boy’s or Girl’s Name,† and â€Å"Any Word.† Another benefit of Wordplay for Kids is that the game can be played as an individual or with a group of 2-6 other players. The inclusive nature of this game gives kids an opportunity to practice spelling with others, which can take the anxiety out of the process. Plus, every player participates in every round, which keeps the excitement and momentum up for young players who want to stay in the middle of the action. Perhaps best of all, Wordplay for Kids is a Teachers’ Choice Award winner, so you know its potential to help kids find success in school-based spelling activities is strong. One word of caution, though: This board game does come with small pieces that could be a choking hazard, so be sure to keep out-of-reach of youngsters who are still in the â€Å"taste-everything-you-touch† phase. Ideal For: Children ages 6+ Where to Find/Buy: Purchase the board game online through Amazon Montessori Crosswords Montessori Crosswords is an app that comes highly recommended for children with dyslexia. Using the Montessori learning method, Montessori Crosswords uses a phonics-enabled moving alphabet to allow kids to build words from a set of 320 word, image, audio, and phonics combinations. The learning methods used by Montessori Crosswords help kids understand that words are made up of sounds, or phonemes. It also helps kids memorize the phonics associated with letters. The app accomplishes these two things by allowing kids to engage with the letters and phonics in the crosswords through sound, touch, and sight. As we mentioned earlier, making learning feel like playing can decrease many young learners’ anxiety about spelling. Additionally, this app tackles spelling from a unique learning perspective, so it makes spelling accessible to kids who have had difficult experiences with literacy learning. Ideal For: Any child, and especially children with dyslexia Where to Find/Buy: App store for iOS devices only Top 3 Spelling Games for Adults Now that we’ve looked at spelling games designed specifically for kids, let’s check out some top spelling games for adults. WordBattle WordBattle is a real-time, multiplayer online word game designed to help you practice word building in friendly competition with friends, family, or fellow Facebook users. Here’s how the game works: each player is given the same 9 random letters and attempts to create a word using them in 40 seconds. Here’s the catch: each letter is assigned a different point value. Your goal is to come up with the word with the greatest point value because whoever has the most points wins! Since WordBattle can be played through a social media site, there is also opportunity for community discussion about the game. Sometimes there are even debates about the legitimacy of words that are played. Especially enthusiastic players might even bust out the dictionary! Overall, WordBattle is simply meant to be a fun way to stretch your brain and improve your agility at word play...and you might just make a few new friends in the process. Ideal For: Any Facebook user who’s down for some competition! Where to Find/Buy: The WordBattle Facebook page, or download the app for iOS or Android. New York Times Crossword A classic in the world of spelling puzzle games, the New York Times crossword has been an icon of American culture since the 1940s. It first appeared in the Sunday paper, then was upgraded to a daily feature in the 1950s. The New York Times crossword puzzle gets increasingly difficult throughout the week, with the easiest puzzle appearing on Monday and the most difficult on Saturday. Knowing how the difficulty increases throughout the week can help you pick the puzzle that’s right for you. And even better: you don’t have to carry a newspaper around with you to play! The New York Times crossword is now available in an app for your phone or tablet. If you want to participate in a beloved national tradition and test your spelling and vocabulary skills, the New York Times crossword is a guaranteed winner. Ideal For: Adults looking for new, challenging spelling word games Where to Find/Buy: The New York Times online; iOS, Google Play, and Amazon Fire app stores Letter Tycoon If you’re interested in face-to-face, interactive spelling word games, consider looking into Letter Tycoon. This board game is an example of a solid approach to integrating a familiar, popular theme with spelling skills. Letter Tycoon asks its 2-5 players to engage in commodity speculation, hand management, and set collection to create the most valuable empire and become the â€Å"letter tycoon.† It’s kind of like Monopoly-meets-Scrabble! Here’s how the game works: players take turns forming a word using a seven-card hand and a three-card community pool, then score money and earn stock rewards based on the word they play. Players may use the money they’ve earned to buy one letter â€Å"patent† in the word they make. For the rest of the game, when other players use a letter you â€Å"own,† you receive â€Å"royalties† from the bank. Patents, money, and stocks are added up at the end of the game to determine the winner! If you’re looking for a fun, sophisticated spelling game that you can bring to game night, Letter Tycoon is a great option. Ideal For: Adults (and people who like economy-based games like Settlers of Catan) Where to Find/Buy: Purchase the board game from Amazon Prime or Walmart.com Top 3 Spelling Games for Anyone! But games are always more fun if you can play it with your whole family, no matter how old they are. That’s why we’ve compiled our favorite all-ages spelling games, too. Bananagrams Bananagrams is like Scrabble’s hip younger brother. It uses a similar concept in that the first player to use all of the letter tiles they’ve drawn to create a word grid is the winner. But Bananagrams ups the drama by making it a race against the other players. Bananagrams also comes in a cute, compact, banana-shaped cloth bag that’s about the size of a pencil case, making it easy to stuff into a backpack or purse and take anywhere. It also requires no pens, pencils, or papers to play! The Classic Bananagrams is great for people of all ages. Children as young as seven can play, and adults of any age can have fun playing, too. But Bananagrams also makes a version of the game called My First Bananagrams, designed for children as young as four who are still in the pre-reading stage. And, get this: if you’re trying to work on your spelling in a language other than English, you can buy Bananagrams in other languages! Available options include: Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish. Whatever your age or native language, Bananagrams is designed to make you more comfortable with letters and words and helps you improve your spelling. Ideal For: People of all ages and various language backgrounds Where to Find/Buy: Amazon, in-store or online at Target, Barnes Noble, Walmart, or at local toy stores Big Boggle Boggle is a word/spelling game that’s been around for a while, but it remains popular among people of all ages. Big Boggle is a variation on the classic game, and here’s how it works: players attempt to find as many connected words as possible from face-up letters in a 25-cube grid. But, the players are also on the clock! When time is up, players compare their lists of words, then eliminate any words they have in common. Players then receive points based on the number of letters in their remaining words. Adding the time element helps you practice your spelling under pressure, and it gives you the confidence to take spelling risks you might not normally take. (After all, you’re trying to earn precious points!) Ideal For: Anyone, but recommend ages 8+ Where to Find/Buy: eBay, Amazon, or in-store and online at Walmart Words With Friends You’ve probably heard of Words With Friends, a longtime fixture in online and multiplayer word/spelling games. In Words With Friends, players take turns building words in a crossword puzzle format. (If that sounds familiar, you’re right: Words With Friends riffs on the classic Scrabble concept.) If you’re a pretty active game player and enjoy multitasking, Words With Friends allows you to participate in up to 30 games at one time! Players can also connect with people they know to play Words With Friends, or be randomly assigned opponents through â€Å"Smart Match.† Like many other apps that can be played through social media networks, Words With Friends also provides a built-in chat feature that allows players to send messages to each other while playing the game. Ideal For: Anyone, but recommended ages 8+ Where to Find/Buy: iOS, Android, and Windows app store; Facebook, Kindle Fire, and Nook Tablet. What's Next? Do educational games sound like something right up your alley? Then make sure you check out our other posts on educational learning games! (Coming soon) If you’re trying to improve your spelling, you might be interested in working on your reading comprehension, too. Here’s our complete guide to improving your reading comprehension skills. One reason you might want to improve your spelling skills and vocabulary is to prepare you for the reading portion of the SAT or ACT. (It’s a great plan!) Learn more about the reading portions of the SAT and the ACT exams to make sure you’re prepared.

Customary law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Customary law - Essay Example This essay discusses that customary laws still reside the basis of new laws in modern societies. For instance in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries custom laws takes the form of common law. Modern legal issues such as the application of commerce laws to the internet in the 1990s, started as customary laws. For custom laws to be applied in the international law it needs to have met three conditions. One it should have widespread recurrence in that many states need to be applying that law in their countries. Secondly, each nation should have a sense of obligation to have the set standard and in enforcing the laws. Third the laws should bring about little dispute among the states internationally to be able to be applied. Customary legal systems tend to the following basic principle in their application. One there should be a strong concern for individual rights. Two; laws enforced by victims backed by reciprocal agreements. Thirdly, standard adjudication procedures mu st be observed to avoid violence. Four offences treated as torts punishable through economic restitution, five legal changes by means of an evolutionary process of developing customs and norms. Cultural law can be seen to have some advantages for the following reasons. They are flexible and easy to implement to suit the situation at hand. Because most of the customary laws are from the peoples who believe they are normally are easily changed and accepted. The peoples and the community’s cultures are given some sense of recognition by these customary laws hence making them easily acceptable to many people in the world. It also gives assurances to the minorities in the world that their way of life is given some preference in the application of law universally3. Through the application of customary laws, it gives the people a sense of belonging and recognition in the application of the laws. Most customary laws have undergone changes in their content, interpretation, and enforce ment. While changing, they can also stagnate if amid their evolution, the people give them a rigid interpretation especially if the customs continue when their social base has changed. A community may justify their continuance or avoidance by stating that its forefathers have ordained them. The customary laws change also when they are codified particularly when the formal system that has a written document as its base recognizes them. Discussion Presently, in a majority of cases, where customary law conflicts with domestic law the latter prevails, the exception being where a national law can be shown to conflict with constitutionally recognized customary rights. In such cases, the aggrieved party will still need the authorities to amend the offending legislation, and to take such remedial measures as may be required to redress any wrong, which has occurred. In some cases, there may be little hope of redress where irreversible exploitation of resources has occurred. Where no constitu tional protection exists, communities will forever be dependent upon the goodwill of the national authorities, as legislative action can at any time result in the abrogation of ancestral rights. Customary law and practice may be undermined by adoption of culturally insensitive national laws. Similarly, traditional authority is being eroded as those unhappy with their decisions seek

Monetary policy in EMU (European monetary Union) Essay

Monetary policy in EMU (European monetary Union) - Essay Example Initially, the European Union included 12 countries, but since its inception in 1992, the area has expanded to include 17 countries in total (European Union, 2012). The financial crisis of 2007-08 had enhanced the importance of the austere economic regulation by the European Union. This essay covers the monetary policy that has been adopted by the European Union, keeping in mind the various pressing issues that have been a matter of concern in the European countries like, price stability, real economy stabilization and its future plans regarding inflation targeting. Monetary Policy of the European Monetary Union Rationale behind price stability and real economic stabilization Price stability implies that the purchasing power of citizens and the value of their savings will be independent to the exchange rate fluctuations in cross-border travels and investments. The Monetary policy in the Euro zone is conducted by the European Central Bank and has direct impact on the price stability a nd the interest rates. The main objective of the monetary policy by the EMU is to keep the rate of inflation hovering around 2%, so that the value of Euro can be protected (European Union, 2012). This is achieved by altering the rate of interest of lending by the banks. The objective of price stability in monetary policy is an integral part of maintaining moderate levels of inflation, so that the economy can avoid the risk of running into deflation. The European Central Bank and EMU have always tried to maintain the price stability because of the strong notion that by maintaining the price stability, the economic activity and employment levels of the country can be improved. The maintenance of price stability by the EMU ensures that the price level of any particular good or service acts independent to the general price level of the economy. Price stability also ensures that the creditors can be relaxed as the prices will not rise in future and there will be no need of inflation risk premium to compensate the losses from inflation. Unnecessary hedging activities and distortions in the tax and social security system can also be avoided by maintenance of price stability (European Central Bank, 2011). The price stability contributes to the stabilization of the real economy. Monetary Policy prior to the crisis Before the onset of the financial crisis, the EMU had been successful in maintaining the inflation rate, averaging to 2.04% from January 1999 to August 2007 (European Central Bank, 2012). This bears a testimony to the fact that since the formation of Euro, the Euro Zone has been quite successful in achieving its preliminary goal of maintaining price stability. The most interesting fact about the price stability in the EU was that the inflation rates were not only low, but also had low macroeconomic volatility compared to other advanced countries of the world. Figure 1: Inflation Rates in the Advanced Economies (Source: European Central Bank, 2012) The above f igure shows the inflation rates in the industrialized economies of the world from 1999 to 2011. It can be seen that the monetary policy followed by the European Union, prior to the global financial crisis of 2007, has been in line with its objectives. In the course of time between 1999 and 2007, the European economy had undergone a lot of turmoil like, increasing global oil and food prices, increases in

Effect of Biological and Social Influences on Development

Effect of Biological and Social Influences on Development Gemma L Sobah Evaluate the contribution of biological and social influences to human psychological functioning Introduction: As humans, our psychological functioning is vital to our survival and succession. So what do we mean by psychological functioning? Psychological functioning is the way in which our minds work. It includes our thoughts, feelings and emotions. Human beings are thinkers and feelers. Our worlds evolve around, our thoughts, our feelings, and our hopes and dreams. How we view the world, and how we feel the world views us. We are driven by our emotions, our morals and our understanding of the people and world around us. Every experience in our life has the ability to impact our psychological functions. In this essay we will be looking at development and sex and gender. Charles Darwin was an evolutionary psychologist. He argued and believed that we have certain behaviours that have evolved and adapted because of how they benefit our survival and there for increased the chances of passing them on genetically. Darwin (1859) demonstrated the idea that genetics and evolution play an important part in influencing psychological functioning through natural selection. Evolutionary psychology claims that our brains (which includes the mind) evolved to be able to problem solve, which many of our hunter-gatherer ancestors encountered. A perspective known as the functionalism perspective was an idea that developed explanations for why people’s behaviour changed. It was believed that it was for an adaptive cause, and therefore has a ‘function’ to serve. Darwin argued that these changed came about because they proved to increase chances of survival and were therefore selectively chosen through evolution. So according to Darwin, we do certain things and act certain ways as we grow, not because we have had certain experiences in our life’s that have impacted us and shaped the way we see things, and have a direct effect on the way we act, but because genetically we have evolved and have certain traits and behaviours that will aid our survival. Therefore, those people displaying behaviours that will have a negative effect on their survival have no developed the necessary traits and skills through natural selection. Although this approach does give insight into how genetically we have been designed to act a certain way, and be certain people, the downfall to it is to the extent to which it can be applied. It does not explain how evolution has genetically changed us to act certain ways emotionally. It doesn’t goes as far to show how a woman who was born a man, can grow to live her life as both genders and it have no negative affect on her mental health. Furthermore it does not give insight as to how she became this way and not something else. But social influences could prove to have contributed to her current state of mind and mental health. From an early age we take in and absorb the things that happen around us, and studies have demonstrated how the social influences in our life at a young age, can affect our adult lives. In 1996, Schaffer, (as cited in Wood et al, pg. 9), explained that social influences, such as our peer or sibling relationships, are very influential in our development. He notes that they spend a lot of time in each other’s company, and in this time they will observe each other’s behaviour, and they will share many experiences, and it has been noted that their relationships are very emotionally based. These kinds of sibling relationships could have all sorts of influences on our development, both positive and negative. Siblings of a similar age may be more likely to have a friendship, because they will be increased in similar things from their age group, giving them more in common with each other. But this could also mean more chance of rivalry, for who has what toy and they may also fight for the attention of their parents. The positive side of this kind of relationship are that they could learn things from the other sibling, such as the meaning of sharing, they experience feelings that they may not if they only siblings much older. For example, two boy’s ages 7, and 9 both seek the attention of their parents, but their parents are too busy wondering where their older sister of 16 is. They can them empathise with one another and understand how each other are feelings. They can also be each other’s company when they want attention. And console one another when they are sad. This could bring out a caring side of them, allowing them to fill roles they would not fill if they only had older siblings or was an only child. In later life, as they develop further, they may then carry with them a caring nurturing side that they experiences as a child. The negative side of this kind of social influence are that there could potentially be a lot of rivalry between them. Which one gets the most parent-child attention, which gets the most/best toys? They could grow up feeling unfulfilled and needy. In 1986, Abramovitch, Corter, Pepler, and Stanthorpe, conducted an observational study on siblings which revealed to them, ‘that their interactions are diverse and multifaceted’. (Wood et al, pg. 9, 2007). As we can see from the example above, and as the observational study shown, there are many sides to a sibling relationship but they all have the potential to affect our future. Biologically there are many differences between a brother and sister, i.e. a girl and boy. The obvious one being our genitals, but as we go more in depth we will find that hormonally we are different, and our bodies have different strengths and weaknesses. But can the biological gender difference create cognitive and behavioural differences too? Money and Erhardt 1972 (as cited in Hollway et al, pg. 141, 2007,) conducted a study to try and answer this question. They conducted a study where they exposed girls to the drug progestin, to look at the masculinization of the girls after taking the drug , compared to girls who hadn’t taken the drug and girls with hyperplasia which affects the level of testosterone. They revealed that the girls with hyperplasia and the ones exposed to progestin, appeared to become more ‘tomboyish’ which means to play like a boy, prefer boys clothing, and that they played more energetically than the girls with no alteration to their hormone levels. So it appeared that the biological changes to the girls involved in the study, slightly altered their preference to ‘girlish’ or ‘boyish’ things. The girls seemed to become more masculine than the unaffected girls. Nevertheless it does pose the question as to the reliability of the results. In this day and age, it is not frowned upon as much for a girl to play with toys that were intended for a boy, and with the changes within the social world, less and less labels are being put on what is ‘for girls’ and ‘for boys.’ The reliability of the test also comes down to what the parents, who gave the report as to the changes in the girls, see as ‘boyish’ or ‘girlish’. It could have been less of a biological influence on the girls and more of a personal evaluation of boyish or girlish. Therefore, in conclusion, there are many perspectives within psychology that try and explain behaviours and their origins but not one has overall explanatory power over the rest, rather they depend on each other and all connect somehow. Only with some types of psychology which contradict each other (nature-nurture debate), connect with each other or expand on one another (biological and social psychologist), can we recognise and generate appropriate solutions when problems arise so we maintain a healthy mind and body. There are many different perspectives which go to show how complex human behaviour is. The evolutionary theory does don’t include the experiences we have as humans, but it concentrates more on being preordained in its methods and ability to provide evidence. The attachment theory concentrates too much on childhood and parental interaction. In doing so, it loses sight of the role biology and how our genetic makeup could account for certain behaviours. The biological perspective sees humans as a set of instruments and physical structures that are obviously important and significant (e.g. genes). Furthermore, it does not consider our conscious minds and how the overall influence of the social world on our behaviour. Our adult lives tend to be a mix of what we experiences and learn as a child, how our genetic makeup develops in us as we grow and how our conscious mind, interprets and understands the world we live in and forms its own reaction to it. We are not influences by just one thing, but many, continually and progressively. Word count: 1,455 References: Hollway, W., Cooper, T., Johnston, A., and Stevens, J. (2007) The Psychology of Sex and Gender in Cooper, T. and Roth, I. (2007) Challenging Psychological Issues, 2nd ed. Milton Keynes. The Open University Wood, D., Littleton, K. and Oates, J. (2007) Life span Development in Cooper, T. and Roth, I. (2007) Challenging Psychological Issues: Lifespan development, 2nd ed. Milton Keynes. The Open University